Campaign Advertising Essay -- Advertising

(Local monthly glossy magazine): This magazine targets 31% of the local population making it an ideal media outlet for a local event like the Fitness-Challenge kick off. Since the Fitness Challenge focuses on eliminating childhood obesity, parents will be the main target audience. According to the U.S. census bureau 32% of American families with a child under the age of 12 have a stay at home mother. Only 3% of American families with an elementary age child have a stay at home dad. Taking these statistics into account our campaign will cater towards behaviors and needs of the â€Å"stay at home mom†. Out of the local population that reads â€Å"Our community†, 70 percent are women ages 31-60 years old. This age range and gender covers our target audience therefore making advertisements through this media outlet very effective. A half page ad would cost the campaign 4,000 dollars, a small price for so much exposure. Since the magazine only prints every month, readers tend to flip through the pages mul tiple times, maximizing frequency. $4000 KABC (NBC affiliate) With 40 percent of the local population as regular viewers, advertisements on this program will significantly increase awareness of the Fitness Challenge. Women ages 35-55 represent an astounding 72 percent of viewers. Awareness of the challenge requires introduction of the event concept and benefits. Running at least 30 non-primetime ads two months before the Challenge will familiarize the target audience with the event without bombarding them with information. Thirty prime-time ads will run the month before the event to maximize advertising exposure of the Fitness Challenge Kick off. Cost: Non-primetime-$3750\ Prime-time- $9000 WPTG (urban ra... ... middle of paper ... ...as targeted stay at home moms, dads also hold decision power when it comes to their children’s health. Billboards displaying advertisements for the Fitness Challenge kick off, offer an enormous amount of exposure for the event. Boards strategically placed a long high traffic roadways catch the eyes of interested fathers on their way home from the workplace. Most working individuals drive the same route to and from work meaning that they encounter the same billboard messages twice daily. Therefore the frequency that one individual encounters the ad on a daily basis must equal or surpass two. Multiply this by 2 months and the number of impressions falls well over 100. Cost: 2 months- $ 5000 Total Cost: $31,205 Even after creating a campaign media plan that encompasses multiplatform advertising our budget of $50,000 remains $18795 higher than required funds.

Advocacy Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advocacy Project - Essay Example With the increase of cancer cases among the population, PSA, through an advocacy advertisement, aims to address the issue through discouraging tobacco use in the society (Tobacco free kids.org). This presentation will explore several aspects of the advertisement to determine its effectiveness. The PSA advertisement on tobacco smoking has targeted to dissuade the use of cigarettes in the society. These advertisements are placed in a website hence are accessible for individuals regardless of their geographical presence. The advertisement aims to promote healthy behavior by discouraging the use of cigarettes. When exploring the website, it is evident that the target audience for this advocacy campaign is students. The campaign aims to dissuade students from using tobacco products hence promote health among this group (Tobacco free kids.org). This is considering that they comprise of the majority population in the society, and hence they are crucial in shaping future societal behavior. In order to determine the effectiveness of the campaign, it is essential to analyze its features. Some of the features, which ensure the advertisement is effective, include compatibility. Based on the audience targeted, the objective of the advertisement and the nature of the problem, there is compatibility in the advertisement leading to effective communication of the intentions of the advertisement. When considering the complexity of the campaign, the message is portrayed simply, and the intention of the campaign is clear to the target audience. The campaign also shows commitment, in that the content of the advert is centered on its purpose, which is an anti smoking campaign for students. Focus is maintained throughout the website, and there is no deviation in the content on cigarette usage and its consequences. The advocacy campaign also impacts social relations since it portrays the tobacco companies as self-serving, hence create a negative

Military leavers and private industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Military leavers and private industries - Essay Example It is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to plan and execute activities/tasks that meet or exceed customer/stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. There are two types of project management - strategic and tactical. Tactical project management, which involves planning, organizing and managing a single project within an organization, while strategic project management, usually a management function, kicks in when several projects are being run at once, and involves prioritizing current and forthcoming projects to meet with larger business objectives. The objective of project management methodology is to provide common standards to ensure that information technology projects are conducted in a disciplined, well-managed, and consistent manner. The ultimate goals of this methodology are to promote the delivery of quality products that result in projects which are completed on time and within budget. Competency is the ability to perform activities within a work function to a predetermined standard. Project management competency includes interrelated behaviors, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values required to perform as a project manager in the particular organizational environment. Project Proposal is a part of project management. ... 4. Preliminary return-on-investment and internal rate of return documents. The theme of this topic is about project management, actually about project proposal on theme: How military leavers (officers) with their advantages and disadvantages can be a benefit for the private industries. Project proposal describes an idea in details, this document includes the outcomes, major risks and an estimate and time required. Such project defines objectives, scope, resources of the idea. It also provides a broad overview of a proposed initiative, including how the manager can manage and deliver the results from the initiative, and a mechanism to facilitate formalized agreement to continue to a clearly set out "next step". So, the Project Proposal is about the problems of military leavers (officers) after their serving in the army. And the problem of this project is about military's leavers' adaptation to the business activity. This project needs approach system in its methodology, this system can define every step to develop the project's ideas from its definition to the final results. The scope and limitations' details of the project: there are financial boundaries, law boundaries and social ones. There are some resources this project will take: 1) time: the size of the proposed idea is not big, about two - three years; 2) money and likes, there are enough military associations having benefits programs for their members, state Departments of Commerce Health and Education, Small Business Administrations, and companies which have been owned by former military leavers, so they can sponsor such projects. The time line for the project completion: there are a few stages in the project: Literature review completed, 4/20/05 Data collection starts, 4/22/05 Data collection

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

India - Essay Example Hinduism practices a diversity of beliefs. The first and major belief of Hinduism is the belief in the sacred reality, which is founded upon Brahman. Brahman is the ultimate authority on sacred reality. He is considered as the manifest basis of the entire unmanifest (Griffin, 1). This means that Brahman is the manifestation of all the Vedic gods and this makes him the creator and the creation itself. He thus considered being eternal, changeless, perfect and absolute (Griffin, 1). The effect of this belief in humanity is the foundation of the belief in a supreme being. Human beings practice religion due to the belief in a supreme being, which is seen as the source of creation and authority on earth. The Supreme Being is depicted as one that must be accorded respect and obedience to its laws and teachings. It is this belief in a Supreme Being that evidences the aspect of humanity that demands respect to be accorded to the Supreme Being. The belief on life, death and reincarnation taugh t by Brahman is an indication of the perceptions held by human beings on life after death and the origin of life. The second vision of India is founded upon the teachings of Buddha. Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism dies not believe in creation or the existence of a creator god. It instead teaches on the impermanence of all reality and the need to focus on experiencing the present. It also teaches on the absence of an entity within the human body. This means that contrary to other human religions that lay an emphasis on the human soul, Buddhism does not place any belief on the existence of the human soul. Rather, it places belief on reincarnation and the need to preserve high standards of morality. In this respect, Buddhism explains humanity as independent existence guided by faith and high moral codes (Griffin, 1). Sikhism, on the other hand, has some degree of monotheism. It places belief on all powerful, magnificent, and immanent being. As opposed to the other visions, Sikhism place beli ef on creation. It insists that the world was created by the utterance of god. This view explains the source of humanity as originating as a creation by the divine being. According to this vision, humanity arose by creation. Jainism, like Buddhism and Hinduism, does not believe in creation but rather in reincarnation as the source of humanity. However, as opposed to the other visions, it places firm belief on the law of nature. This is the law of Karma, which may be described as the human soul, and is responsible for governing human conduct through the notion that bad deeds collect on the karma making it sticky. All these visions of India, though dissimilar in some aspects, converge on the insistence of divinity arising from nature. It is this convergence in these visions that may be used to argue that these similarities form the Indian vision on humanity. 2 The views of the visions of India are different from Europe and North East countries. The ‘mother vision’ of Indi a is Hinduism that has influenced other religions in a great way. The religions affected in India are Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism and Baha’i. India has accepted different religions to be practiced by its citizens and has fostered on the freedom of worship, which has been the main factor that has promoted the diverse worship of religion. The vision, Hinduism refers to different types of believes and religion practices that religious individuals practices to their different

Rural Urban Migration In Ghana Cultural Studies Essay

Rural Urban Migration In Ghana Cultural Studies Essay One of the main challenges which Africa must take up at this crucial time of its development is that of feeding its people. The continent is known for its rich agricultural potential, which constitutes the major highlight of the economy in most of its countries. It is then difficult to believe that the continent is still in a race to reach a level of self-sufficiency. Unfortunately, such is the situation, and we ask ourselves millions of questions. In a country like Ghana, which is not exempt of such a situation, and where agriculture is the key sector of the economy, we wonder why rural areas are so underdeveloped, or why poverty seems to crack it and why young people are increasingly becoming rare in those areas. Moreover, we are lost as to the situation of products consumed by Ghanaians, which are mostly imported. The answer to these questions appears to be found in the substantial difference between living conditions in the urban and rural areas, which leads to the phenomenon of rural exodus. Rural-urban migration in Ghana reduces the development of agriculture, which deeply affects the economy. After the colonial period, the black continent took up an effective development race for its countries. This is reflected in urbanization, and Ghana does not make an exception. With most businesses and activities being concentrated in Ghanas urban areas, rural areas tend to lack basic needs. It is then normal to see the youth fleeing those areas for the conquest of the city. They have, indeed, many valid reasons to leave rural areas for cities like Accra or Kumasi for example. The effects of an issue cannot be discussed without looking into its causes. Likewise, we cannot also talk about the effects of rural urban migrations without, even briefly, mentioning its causes. Indeed, attracted by the beauty of the cities and its infrastructural developments, rural youth troop to the urban areas with the hope of finding a well-paid job and living a less stressful life. Whats more, the intensity of agricultural works, which are accentuated by the use rudimentary tools and ancient agricultural techniques applied make them take flight. These agricultural works are mainly determined by climate; therefore, farmers are indulged in seasonal unemployment, which does affect their financial conditions as well as their living ones. In short, the youth leave rural areas in search of greener pastures. Nevertheless, with the massive arrival of rural dwellers into the city coupled with the issues they generate, the urban areas are quickly becoming agonized with certain effects of the migration. What are they? The main effects of rural migration in Ghana are felt in the agricultural sector, which makes-up a big portion of the Ghanaian economy. The concentration of infrastructures in the city leading to the rural urban migration is making the countryside becoming more underdeveloped and devoid of strong energetic youth. The latters presence being the fuel for development in the countryside; their departure negatively affects the area by pushing it deeper into underdevelopment. Indeed, the youth leave behind aged and infants who are not able to put much energy into the intricate work of farming, which constitutes most of the economic development of the area, and of the country as a whole (Rural to Urban migration). Consequently, the rarity of youth, that is, the labour hand in the countryside doesnt favor agricultural activities but rather brings both rural and urban dwellers deeper into poverty and starvation. Like Liebenow said in 1986: The mass exodusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from the impoverished countryside leaves not only fewer hands to grow the nations food but more mouths to feed (Liebenow, qtd in Twumasi-Ankrah, 180-184). This quote shortly explains the dire effects of rural to urban migration on both the city and the countryside. With an increasing number of people leaving the rural areas, which happens to be the fertile grounds of development for any developing country, a limited number of labor forces begin to be felt as time goes by (Rural to Urban migration). Food production therefore becomes low, while there are more and more people in the urban areas who need to be fed. A report by the Ghana News Agency (GNA) indicates that a total of 1.2 million Ghanaians have limited access to sufficient and nutritious food throughout the year, while another 2 million are at risk, or become food insecure (Ghana News Agency, 1). It becomes obvious that once the agricultural motor which is the labor hand is affected, the farming revenue too is attacked and is seriously decreasing. Agriculture has then a central role to play in promoting growth and poverty reduction in the Ghanaian economy at this stage of our development, and Ghana needs an agricultural revolution based on productivity growth; this will raise almost a million more Ghanaians out of poverty (Nankani, 2). In agriculture-based countries in South Saharan Africa, like Ghana, agriculture accounts for 32 percent of GDP growth, mainly because it already is a large share of GDP (Nankani). Therefore, any mistake in farms is directly negatively affecting the whole economy of the country. Moreover, this situation favours the development of the agriculture of subsistence since farmers dont have adequate tools and conditions for a massive production. This type of agriculture production is on family scale, that is, not even enough to reach the city. Therefore, the country is no more able to export food supplies, but rather import them. The government, then, has to spend a lot of money trying to prevent its people from starvation. Such conditions slow down then Ghana in its process of becoming alimentary auto-sufficient. In addition, developing countries usually have a limited number of social amenities to cater for their population. This situation worsens with an increasing number of people trooping from the rural areas to the urban areas. Usage of limited facilities increases. With such increases, facilities wear out quicker than expected, and this affects the economy by increasing costs for the government (Rural to Urban migration). An increase in the number of migrants does not only put pressure on limited facilities, but it also endangers the security of others when these migrants finally realize that the job markets are not suitable for them. With no job and no sources of income, rural migrants must make ends meet. The situation becomes a desperate one where people are ready to do anything to get money. Most migrants from rural areas then result to practices such as stealing, armed robbery, prostitution. Furthermore, since they cannot afford a decent shelter, they are likely to settle in what is popularly known as kiosks. Once started by one person, the trend follows. The area quickly becomes overcrowded with an atmosphere not worthy of living in (Rural to Urban migration) Other examples of migrants who end up engaging in any activity that would earn them some money are the Kayayos. They are young women or girls who work as porters, carrying heavy loads on their heads (DiCampo, 1). They usually migrate from rural areas in the northern region to the bustling cities in the south (DiCampo, 1). These young girls and women usually get very little for the hard work they do. I wont go back to that place. They are suffering there. If you dont have money, you suffer. You wont eat. At home, you can always cook and eat, said Amariya, a woman in her 20s who worked in Ghanas capital, Accra, until she had enough money to return to her village and marry (DiCampo, 1). This is the reality once in the city. Like Amariya, some of them choose to leave; others keep fighting for a better urban life and become exposed to many social vices that they further cultivate. These people for example, with such instabilities in their lives are not able to send their children to school either in the countryside or in the city since such infrastructures are missing in the rural areas while they are expensive in town. In addition, we must not forget that rural to urban migration has devoid the countryside of teachers, a form of brain drain on the rural population (Twumasi-Ankrah). Rural-urban migration then, is an important factor of analphabetism which represents a danger for the future of the country, that is, the unavailability of elites to push the country forward in its development processes. It is amazing to see how much these issues are slowly but surely affecting the country. It becomes obvious that something must be done to slow down this phenomenon. The countryside represents the power hands that feed a country and it needs to be developed, that is, to have infrastructures and good conditions of life to insure good productivity. The decentralization of the city then becomes an emergency for the survival of the country and the stability of its economic situation. In conclusion, we can deduce from this analysis that the rural areas and urban areas are intrinsically related which besides has serious impacts on the Ghanaian economy. Rural migration is a realistic phenomenon, a real scourge that undermines the Ghanaian society and Africa as a whole, weakening at the same time the efforts for an effective development, which is mainly based on agriculture. The fact of the matter is that the rural youth desert the villages for the cities, and it creates many negative consequences for both the cities and the rural areas. It is then imperative that the government must take more effective actions in order to establish the lacking infrastructures, that is, to fix this ongoing problem. This seems to be the only way for the country to solve the problem, and to make effective steps towards development. Does the fact that rural urban migration is tearing Ghana mean that it doesnt have beneficial effects on both the city and the countryside?

2001 - A Metaphorical Odyssey :: 2001 Space Odyssey Essays

2001 - A Metaphorical Odyssey         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Myths are created for the purpose of conveying a message with an interesting medium with which to do so.   Many cultures use myths to teach their young about the past.   Through time, however, these myths become impractical due to discovery.   This is when a new myth must be introduced to take the place of the obsolete one.   Stanley Kubrick shaped 2001: A Space Odyssey as a new myth to crack the archaic view of space, by using a hero, a dilemma, and a new revelation to fuel his cause.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every myth has a character that breaks the mold of the ordinary.   In Homer's The Odyssey, Odysseus is the character that broke the mold of the other mortals.   He displayed character traits that superseded those of his crew mates. Much in the same fashion, Bowman breaks the mold of the astronauts aboard the Discovery.   He and Poole are share duties aboard the Discovery, but he demonstrates a higher level of thinking by sensing and interpreting what is happening before him.   He is the one that realizes exactly what HAL is doing, and he puts a stop to it.   He sees problems, analyzes them, and then proceeds to diffuse the cause in the most efficient manner possible.   He uses his character traits of intelligence, persistence, and adroitness to overcome the dilemmas put in front of him.   By using his intelligence, he realizes that HAL has figured him out, and he must find a way to get back into the discovery in order to survive.   In using persistence, Bowman does not give up when it seems that HAL has won the battle.   Instead he takes the rough way in, and he then disables HAL.   Bowman shows how adroit he is with dilemmas by handling the entire HAL situation with calm and intelligence.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While on the mission, Bowman is faced with many dilemmas.   The first dilemma, is that he is in the dark about the purpose of the mission.   He has only been supplied with the vital information that he will need to perform routine operations until the site of the mission is reached.   HAL is responsible for informing him when the place has been reached and   time is right to complete

Alpha Corporation Essay

1) Sources of Cash – Accounts receivable (payment from customers) , Proceeds from Sale of assets(PP&E), proceeds from sale of discontinued operations, Issue of Stock and long term debt Use of Cash – Buying of inventories, Account payables (payments to suppliers) , Purchase of Assets(PP&E), Investment in capitalized software, principal payment of short term debt, Repurchase of Stock, Dividends paid 2) Cash flow from operations (125.2, 89.3, and 46.8) was greater than that from net income (- 377.9, -623.5 , and -320.6). The reason for difference is lot of non- cash expenditure such as depreciation, amortization, and restructuring was deducted from the revenues to come to Net Income. Also, the gain from investment was deducted from the Net income as it is also a non-cash item. 3) No, the cash generated from operations (125.2, 89.3, and 46.8) was less than the investment in capital expenditure (129.7, 174.4, and 303.8) 4) No, the cash generated from operations (125.2, 89.3, and 46.8) was less than the total of investment in capital expenditure (129.7, 174.4, and 303.8) and dividends paid(0, 7.2, and 26.0 ). 5) Not applicable 6) Alpha corp used the following sources to fund capital expenditure and dividends – Proceeds from Sale of assets (PP&E), proceeds from sale of discontinued operations, Issue of Stock and long term debt. 7) Yes, Currents assets such as account receivables, inventory, and other current assets and current liabilities such as Accounts payable were uses and source of cash from the working capital respectively. 8) The other major items that impacted cash are – payments of long term debt , and proceeds from Disposal from PP&E Part 2 1) Net Income- in the last three years NI has decreased from -320.6 to -377.9. That is the company has been incurring increasing losses. 2) Cash flow from operations – in the last three years CFO has tripled(approx.) from 46.8 to 125.2. 3) Capital expenditure – Company has been investing the capitals but the amount has steadily decreased from 303.6 to 129.7. 4) Dividends – Alpha corp stopped paying dividends in 1991 though it paid in the previous years. 5) Net Borrowing – Net borrowings were positive in 1989 but since then Alpha has been paying off lot of long term debts resulting in negative net borrowin in 1990 and 1991. 6) Working capital accounts – In 1989, Alpha was buying more assets and paying off current liabilities such as account payables. However, in 1990 & 91, the trend was reversed. Part 3 Alpha – seems to be going through troubled times in the last two years. It has been running into losses for all the 3 years. Though it’s operations are generating cash but its NI is taking a hit because of lot of depreciation/amortization and restructuring. Also, the CFO is not enough to cover the capital expenditure because of which it has been selling assets, borrowing debts from market and issuing class B stocks. Beta – has been doing pretty well financially. Its NI has been growing at a good pace from 400K to 6,323K. It is in growing phase which is evident from the increasing investment in capital expenditure and growing inventory. It also invested excess cash in marketable securities and issued common stock as well. However, it needs to be vigilant of growing accounts receivable from 613 to 10,837 from 1990 to 91. Gamma – From 1989 -91, Gamma has gone from a net income of 1Bn to a loss of 617Mn. Even though the operation is still generating cash but the amount has been gradually decreasing. The decrease in Accounts payable and inventory indicates that the operation has taken a hit apparently because of decrease in demand. The decrease in Account receivables suggests that it has been selling less. Though it has been investing in capital the amount invested has been decreasing suggesting low confidence of management in future outlook. An equivalent amount of sales and repurchase of treasury stocks is also not good sign.